What do barriers and obstacles primarily affect in military operations?

Barriers and obstacles in military operations predominantly impact the mobility and maneuverability of forces. When forces encounter physical barriers such as rivers, mountain ranges, or fortified positions, it can severely restrict their movement, making it difficult to maneuver effectively on the battlefield. This limitation can affect the ability to advance towards a target, retreat, or reposition in response to changing circumstances, ultimately shaping the outcome of engagements and overall operational success.

While supply and logistics management, communication, and command effectiveness, as well as tactical planning and decision-making, are all critical elements of military operations, they are not directly influenced by barriers and obstacles in the same way. Barriers primarily challenge the physical movement of troops and equipment, while other aspects like logistics and communication might be more influenced by organizational and technological factors rather than terrain. Understanding how barriers can constrain movement helps military leaders plan operations more effectively and devise strategies that account for these physical challenges.